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Glossary

Definitions of the vocabulary used on these pages. Each entry says what a term means and, where it matters, what it does not let you conclude.

Terms defined
60
With cross-references
60
entries linking to related terms
First letters covered
19
Last updated
2026-07-26

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2 entries
13F position change
The difference between one quarterly holdings report and the previous one for the same manager.
424(b) prospectus
The final prospectus filed after a registration becomes effective, carrying the terms the offering actually used.

A

2 entries
Accession number
The unique identifier of one submission to EDGAR, in the form 0001234567-25-000123.
Amended filing
A later version of a filing that corrects or supplements the original, usually marked with an /A suffix.

B

1 entries
Beneficial ownership
The count of securities a person can vote or dispose of, which is not the same as the number registered in their name.

C

4 entries
CIK
The permanent numeric identifier the SEC assigns to every filer — company, fund or individual.
CUSIP
A nine-character identifier for a specific security issued in the United States or Canada.
Cost basis
What an asset cost to acquire, used as the starting point for computing a gain or a loss on disposal.
Cross rate
A rate between two currencies computed from each one's rate against a common third currency.

D

5 entries
DEF 14A
The definitive proxy statement sent to shareholders before a meeting, covering the items to be voted on.
Deduplication key
A stable key derived from a record's own contents so that reprocessing the same source does not create a second copy.
Delisting
The removal of an entry from a sanctions list, visible only by comparing two published versions.
Designation
The formal act of placing a person or entity on a sanctions list, with a date and a legal basis.
Disclosure lag
The gap between the date something happened and the date it became public.

E

5 entries
EDGAR
The public filing system of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, where company and insider disclosures are submitted and published.
Entity resolution
Deciding whether two records from different sources describe the same company or person.
Equity grant
Shares or units an insider receives as compensation, reported under transaction code A rather than as a purchase.
Ex-dividend date
The first day on which buying the shares no longer carries the right to the declared dividend.
Extension element
A custom tag a company defines for itself when no standard element fits its presentation.

F

11 entries
FIFO
Matching a disposal against the earliest acquired lots first, oldest before newest.
False positive
A search result that resembles the query but refers to a different person or entity.
Fiscal period
The stretch of time a reported figure covers, which need not line up with the calendar year.
Form 10-K
The annual report of a U.S. public company, containing audited financial statements and a description of the business.
Form 10-Q
The quarterly report of a U.S. public company, with unaudited financial statements.
Form 13F
A quarterly report in which a large institutional manager lists the U.S. equity positions it held on the last day of the quarter.
Form 3
The first filing an insider makes, declaring what they already hold when they become an insider.
Form 4
The filing in which a company insider reports a change in their holdings, normally within two business days.
Form 5
An annual catch-up filing for insider transactions that were exempt from immediate reporting.
Form 8-K
A report of a specific material event, filed within days of the event rather than on a calendar schedule.
Form S-1
The registration statement a company files to offer securities to the public for the first time.

I

3 entries
ISO 4217
The standard that assigns each currency a three-letter code, such as USD, EUR or JPY.
Indexability threshold
The minimum amount of real data a page must carry before it is allowed to exist for search engines.
Insider
A person or entity whose relationship with a company obliges them to report their transactions in its securities.

L

3 entries
LEI
A twenty-character global identifier for a legal entity that takes part in financial transactions.
List snapshot
One complete downloaded version of a published list, stored with the date the source published it.
Lock-up period
A contractual window after an offering during which insiders and early investors agree not to sell their shares.

M

1 entries
Market exchange rate
The rate at which currency is actually bought or sold at a given moment, which differs by counterparty and size.

N

1 entries
Name match score
A number expressing how closely a search term resembles a recorded name, and nothing more.

O

3 entries
Observation date
The date a value belongs to, as distinct from the date it was published or retrieved.
Open market purchase
An insider buying shares on the market with their own money, reported under transaction code P.
Option exercise
Converting a derivative holding into shares, reported under transaction code M and often paired with a same-day sale.

P

2 entries
Payment date
The date a declared dividend is actually paid to qualifying holders.
Prospectus
The disclosure document given to investors when securities are offered, describing the issuer, the securities and the risks.

R

3 entries
Record date
The date on which a shareholder must be on the register to receive a declared dividend or to vote.
Reference exchange rate
A daily benchmark rate published by a central bank for information, accounting and statistics.
Rule 10b5-1 plan
A pre-arranged trading plan that lets an insider buy or sell on a fixed schedule set in advance.

S

7 entries
SDN list
The list of Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons published by the U.S. Treasury.
Sanctions list
An official register of persons and entities subject to restrictive measures, published by a government or an international body.
Sanctions programme
The named regime under which a designation is made, such as a country or activity-based programme.
Schedule 13D
A filing by an investor who crosses a large ownership threshold in a company and does not qualify as passive.
Schedule 13G
The shorter ownership disclosure available to passive and institutional investors above the same threshold.
Section 16
The part of U.S. securities law that requires officers, directors and large holders to report their dealings in the company's shares.
Strong alias
An alternative name an authority publishes without a reliability warning, such as a former legal name.

T

3 entries
Ticker symbol
The short code under which a security trades on a particular venue.
Transaction code
The one or two letter code on each row of a Form 4 that says what kind of change occurred.
Transliteration
The rendering of a name from one writing system into another, which produces several valid spellings of the same name.

U

1 entries
US GAAP taxonomy
The published dictionary of standard tags used for tagging U.S. financial statements, reissued each year.

W

1 entries
Weak alias
A name variant an authority publishes with a warning that it is too common or too partial to identify anyone on its own.

X

2 entries
XBRL
The tagging standard that turns figures inside a financial report into machine-readable facts.
XBRL tag
The named element that identifies what a tagged figure represents, such as Revenues or NetIncomeLoss.
These definitions are written for reading the records published here and are not legal, tax or accounting definitions. Where a term has a precise meaning in a particular jurisdiction, that meaning governs.

Where these terms appear